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The first decade of the new century, from 2000 to 2010, was marked by widescale use in the Russian power industry of modern microprocessor equipment and a fundamentally new level of power unit automation implemented on the basis of this equipment, with which it becomes possible to comply with the modern power grid requirements relating to unit load control (LC) and primary frequency control (PFC). The new control systems are used in two types of power units: classic steam power units (SPUs) and combined cycle

power units (CCPUs), which are new ones for the Russian power industry. The discussion in this article is limited to SPUs only. A list of 29 accomplished projects is given, the LC and PFC requirements posed to different equipment types are presented, and the technical solutions developed by Intermatic AG specialists for improving the dynamic characteristics of once-through boiler units for fulfilling the LC and PFC requirements are considered in detail. Unlike the conventional solutions involving separate consideration of the power unit’s main automatic control loops, a unified general structure of the automatic frequency and power control system (AFPCS) is proposed, which includes five main process groups: automatic frequency and power control proper, control of water and fuel flowrates, maintaining of the boiler temperature operation mode, the automatic control system (ACS) of coal-pulverization systems for coal-fired power units or fuel controllers for gas-and-oil-fired power units, and the boiler gas–air path ACS. The suggested version of presenting information for online indication of the automated power unit’s current operation mode is recommended.

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